Entrez ID	Official symbol	Synonyms	Description	Location	Type of protein	External annotation
6469	SHH	HHG1, HLP3, HPE3, MCOPCB5, SMMCI, ShhNC, TPT, TPTPS	sonic hedgehog signaling molecule	7q36.3	protein-coding	Genecard

uniprot_summary

refseq_summary

Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development: signal produced by the notochord that induces ventral cell fate in the neural tube and somites, and the polarizing signal for patterning of the anterior-posterior axis of the developing limb bud. Displays both floor plate- and motor neuron-inducing activity. The threshold concentration of N-product required for motor neuron induction is 5-fold lower than that required for floor plate induction. Activates the transcription of target genes by interacting with its receptor PTCH1 to prevent normal inhibition by PTCH1 on the constitutive signaling activity of SMO.

This gene encodes a protein that is instrumental in patterning the early embryo. It has been implicated as the key inductive signal in patterning of the ventral neural tube, the anterior-posterior limb axis, and the ventral somites. Of three human proteins showing sequence and functional similarity to the sonic hedgehog protein of Drosophila, this protein is the most similar. The protein is made as a precursor that is autocatalytically cleaved; the N-terminal portion is soluble and contains the signalling activity while the C-terminal portion is involved in precursor processing. More importantly, the C-terminal product covalently attaches a cholesterol moiety to the N-terminal product, restricting the N-terminal product to the cell surface and preventing it from freely diffusing throughout the developing embryo. Defects in this protein or in its signalling pathway are a cause of holoprosencephaly (HPE), a disorder in which the developing forebrain fails to correctly separate into right and left hemispheres. HPE is manifested by facial deformities. It is also thought that mutations in this gene or in its signalling pathway may be responsible for VACTERL syndrome, which is characterized by vertebral defects, anal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia, radial and renal dysplasia, cardiac anomalies, and limb abnormalities. Additionally, mutations in a long range enhancer located approximately 1 megabase upstream of this gene disrupt limb patterning and can result in preaxial polydactyly.

Flase

Caregory	Description	Value	Value range ( Low - High )	Comment
PLI	The probability of being loss-of-function (LoF) intolerant	0.913	[0, ..., 1]	Genes with high pLI scores (pLI ≥ 0.9) are extremely LoF intolerant, whereby genes with low pLI scores (pLI ≤ 0.1) are LoF tolerant. The score is calculated based on high-quality exome sequence data (ExAC) for 60,706 individuals of diverse ethnicities.
Haploinsufficiency (HI) score rank	Predicted probability of exhibiting haploinsufficiency		[100, ..., 1]	High ranks (e.g. 0-10%) indicate a gene is more likely to exhibit haploinsufficiency, low ranks (e.g. 90-100%) indicate a gene is more likely to NOT exhibit haploinsufficiency (DECIPHER, PMID: 20976243). haploinsufficiency means a single functional copy of a gene is insufficient to maintain its normal function and is extremely intolerant of LoF variation.
Gene brain expressed	Queried gene is expressed in brain tissues	True	[False, True]	The gene expression data are extracted from GTEx v7 and BrainSpan. A gene with the expression value of (log 2 based (TPM+1)) at least 1 TPM/RPKM/FPKM in one or more tissues related to the brain is considered brain-expressed.
Protein brain expressed	Queried protein is expressed in brain tissues	[False, True]	The protein expression data are extracted from ProteomicsDB (v2018.09). A protein with the expression value of (log based 10 (iBAQ intensity)) at least 0.5 in one or more tissues related to the brain is considered brain-expressed protein.
Carrying LoF DNMs	Number of loss-of-function DNMs hit the queried gene	0 (Case)	[0, ..., 67] with average of 0.160	Loss of function (LoF) mutations include frameshift indels, nonsense (stop-gained) and splice-site mutations, which can result in the gene product having less or no function and can have deleterious consequences.
		0 (Control)	[0, ..., 6] with average of 0.044
Carrying missense DNMs	Number of missense DNMs hit the queried gene	1 (Case)	[0, ..., 55] with average of 0.846	Missense mutations can result in changes in protein sequences, but are commonly considered to have less deleterious impacts than LoF mutations.
		0 (Control)	[0, ..., 21] with average of 0.300
FMRP binding targets	FMRP inteacting parters	False	[False, True]	FMRP loss of function causes Fragile X syndrome (FXS). The binding targets identified crosslinking immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP) in mouse brains (PMID:21784246). Many FMRP targets are among genes implicated in different neuropsychiatric diseases, such as autism, schizophrenia.
Postsynaptic density (PSD)	Protein associates with postsynaptic membranes of excitatory synapses	False	[False, True]	Abnormalities with PSD proteins are linked to various neuropsychiatric diseases including neurodevelopmental disorders.
Human essential genes	-	True	[False, True]	Genes are thought to be critical for human survival.